Merge branch 'equation_of_state' into 'master'

Equation of state

This implements @tt's suggestion (#195) to allow for changes in the equation of state of the gas. The transformation between thermodynamic variables are now all located in one single file. Users can supply a different set of transformations if they want to simulate a different kind of gas. The SPH schemes themselves remain unchanged.

This is "simply" a harmless re-factoring of the code gathering common equations into a single file. It passes all the tests but you may want to cross-check things. Thanks!
Branch can be removed.

See merge request !215