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SWIFT
SWIFTweb
Commits
e0dbc2e4
Commit
e0dbc2e4
authored
7 years ago
by
Matthieu Schaller
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Updated the general public homepage with some more useful information.
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data/about_meta.yaml
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data/public.md
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name
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public.md
,
name
:
public.md
,
slug
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public
,
slug
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public
,
title
:
I'm a member of the <b>public</b>
,
title
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I'm a member of the <b>public</b>
,
subtitle
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(non-technical description)
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"
(non-technical
description)
"
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hidden
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{
{
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name
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astro.md
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astro
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astro
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I'm an <b>astronomer</b>
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I'm an <b>astronomer</b>
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subtitle
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"
(
SPH,
gravity
accuracy
,
etc.)"
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hydro
scheme,
accuracy,
tests,
physics
modules
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etc.)"
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I'm a <b>computer scientist</b>
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(technical
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(technical
aspects,
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## What is SWIFT?
## What is SWIFT?
SWIFT is a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics code for Astrophysics. What does
SWIFT is a hydrodynamics and gravity code for Astrophysics. What does
that even mean? It is a computer program designed for running on supercomputers
that even mean? It is a computer program designed for running on
that simulates forces upon particles due to two main things: gravity and
supercomputers that simulates forces upon matter due to two main
hydrodynamics (forces that arise from fluids rubbing against each other).
things: gravity and hydrodynamics (forces that arise from fluids such
This turns out to be quite a complicated problem as we can't build
as viscosity). This turns out to be quite a complicated problem as we
computers large enough to simulate down to an atomic level. This means
can't build computers large enough to simulate everything down to the
we need to re-think the equations that describe the particles and how they
level of individual atoms. This implies we need to re-think the
interact. It turns out that we must solve the equations that describe these problems
equations that describe the matter components and how they interact
numerically, which requires a lot of computing power and fast computer code.
with each-others. In practice, we must solve the equations that
describe these problems numerically, which requires a lot of computing
We use SWIFT to run simulations of Astrophysical objects, such as galaxies.
power and fast computer code.
We do this to test theories about how the Universe came about and evolved from
the big bang up to the present day!
We use SWIFT to run simulations of Astrophysical objects, such as
galaxies or even the whole Universe. We do this to test theories
about what the Universe is made of and evolved from the Big Bang up to
the present day!
<div
class=
"videowrapper"
><iframe
width=
"100%"
height=
"100%"
src=
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/UJYV6f8SwdQ"
frameborder=
"0"
allowfullscreen
></iframe>
<div
class=
"videowrapper"
><iframe
width=
"100%"
height=
"100%"
src=
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/UJYV6f8SwdQ"
frameborder=
"0"
allowfullscreen
></iframe>
</div>
</div>
## Why create SWIFT?
## Why create SWIFT?
We created SWIFT for a number of reasons. The primary reason beings that we want
We created SWIFT for a number of reasons. The primary reason beings
to be able to simulate a whole Universe! This has been attempted before (see
that we want to be able to simulate a whole Universe! This has been
[
the EAGLE Project
](
http://icc.dur.ac.uk/Eagle
)
and
[
the Illustris project
](
done before successfully (see
[
the EAGLE
http://www.illustris-project.org
)
for more details), but the codes used to do
Project
](
http://icc.dur.ac.uk/Eagle
)
for more details), but this
this have always been rather slow and difficult to modify. SWIFT aims to remedy
simulation used a software which is not tailored for the newest
that by choosing to parallelise the problem in a different way and by
super-computers and took almost 50 days on a very large computer to
having a more modular structure than other codes making it easier for users to
complete. SWIFT aims to remedy that by choosing to parallelise the
problem in a different way, by using better algorithms and by having a
more modular structure than other codes making it easier for users to
pick and choose what physics they want to include in their simulation.
pick and choose what physics they want to include in their simulation.
The way that supercomputers are constructed is not by having one huge superfast
The way that super-computers are built is not by having one huge
'computer', but rather by having lots of different computers that are
super-fast 'computer', but rather by having lots of regular computers
connected together by high-speed networks. Therefore the way to speed up your
(only a tiny bit better than what is available at home!) that are
code might not necessarily be to make it 'run faster' on a single machine, but
connected together by high-speed networks. Therefore the way to speed
rather enable those machines to talk to each other in a more efficient way.
up your code might not necessarily be to make it 'run faster' on a
This is how SWIFT is different from other codes that are used in Astrophysics
single machine, but rather enable those machines to talk to each other
for a similar purpose.
in a more efficient way. This is how SWIFT is different from other
codes that are used in Astrophysics for a similar purpose: the focus
Traditionally, you have each 'node' (computer) in the 'cluster' (supercomputer)
is on distributing the work to be done (the equations to be solved) in
running the exact same code at the exact same time, and at the end of each bit
the best possible way across all the small computers that are part of
of the problem they all talk to each other and exchange information. SWIFT does
a super-computer.
this a little differently, with each node working on different tasks than
others as and when those tasks need to be completed. This (theoretically)
Traditionally, you have each 'node' (computer) in the 'cluster'
should cut down on the time when a node is sitting and waiting for work, which
(supercomputer) running the exact same code at the exact same time,
is just wasted time and electricity!
and at the end of each bit of the problem they all talk to each other
and exchange information. SWIFT does this a little differently, with
each node working on different tasks than others as and when those
tasks need to be completed. SWIFT also makes the nodes communicate
with each others all the time and not only at fixed points, allowing
for much more flexibility. This cuts down on the time when a node is
sitting and waiting for work, which is just wasted time, electricity
and ultimately money!
## What is SPH?
## What is SPH?
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a method of calculating the forces
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a method of calculating the
between fluid elements. Let's say that we want to simulate some water and a wave
forces between fluid elements (gas or liquids). Let's say that we want
within it. Even a liter of water has 100000000000000000000000000 particles in it.
to simulate some water and a wave within it. Even a liter of water has
To store that much data we would require a computer that as 100 trillion times as
100000000000000000000000000 particles in it. To store that much data
much storage space as
*all of the data on the internet*
. It's clear that we need
we would require a computer that as 100 trillion times as much storage
a more efficient way of simulating this water if we are to have any hope!
space as
*all of the data on the internet*
. It's clear that we need a
more efficient way of simulating this water if we are to have any
hope!
It turns out that we can represent the water by many fewer particles
(let's say
It turns out that we can represent the water by many fewer particles
about 1000)
if we can smooth over the gaps between them efficiently. Smoothed
if we can smooth over the gaps between them efficiently. Smoothed
Particle Hydrodynamics is the technique that we use to do that.
Particle Hydrodynamics is the technique that we use to do that.
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